Disease in captive wild mammals and birds: incidence, description, comparison

"Disease in captive wild mammals and birds : incidence, description, comparison." by Herbert Fox, M.D. is a scientific monograph written in the early 20th century. It compiles systematic autopsies of zoo-kept mammals and birds to measure how often diseases occur, describe their pathology, and compare patterns across taxonomic orders, with practical guidance for zoo medicine, husbandry, and comparative pathology. The opening of the volume presents a foreword describing the Philadelphia Zoological Garden’s routine postmortems since the early 1900s and their dividends—improved hygiene and disinfection, halted outbreaks, and dramatic reductions in tuberculosis in monkeys and spiropteriasis in parrots—while reflecting on disease in wild versus captive settings and on captivity’s stresses (diet, climate, fear, boredom, loneliness, reproductive challenges). The Introduction sets the scope and method: thousands of standardized autopsies organized by order to track incidence and describe lesions, alongside candid limits of clinical diagnosis and the cautions of extrapolating captive data to the wild. It surveys management factors (diet and vitamins, housing and temperature, flooring), the roles of parasites and epizootics, key differences in avian versus mammalian inflammatory responses, and broad longevity patterns, and it acknowledges the laboratory team and the taxonomic framework. The section closes with classification and autopsy counts and begins the heart-disease chapter, outlining how degenerations, inflammations, and enlargement (muscle bulk versus chamber size) will be compared across taxa.