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The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I.

by Charles Darwin

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The book documents Charles Darwin's detailed observations on the physical variations exhibited by domesticated animals and plants. It draws on his extensive breeding experiments, correspondence with other naturalists, and scientific investigations conducted over several years. Darwin examines how selective breeding influences morphology, structure, and traits in species like pigeons, cattle, and crops, providing empirical evidence for his broader theories of evolution and heredity. The work also introduces his hypothesis of pangenesis, a proposed mechanism for heredity, which he presents as a way to explain the inheritance of traits. Written in the period following the publication of "On the Origin of Species," the volume contributes to the scientific discussion of variation and inheritance within species, linking these phenomena to evolutionary processes.

The work is part of Darwin's comprehensive effort to substantiate his theory of natural selection and evolution through detailed empirical data and theoretical propositions. It reflects the scientific context of mid-19th-century Britain, where breeding and domestication were key areas of biological research and debate.

From the opening pages

explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked passage. THE VARIATION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION. By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A., F.R.S., &c. IN TWO VOLUMES.— Vol . I. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1868. The right of Translation is reserved. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION; or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life . Fourth Edition ( Eighth Thousand ), with Additions and Corrections. 1866. ... Murray . A NATURALIST'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD; or, A Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the Command of Capt. Fitz-Roy , R.N. Tenth Thousand . ... Murray . ON THE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEFS. ... Smith, Elder , & Co. GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON VOLCANIC ISLANDS. ... Smith, Elder , & Co. GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON SOUTH AMERICA. ... Smith, Elder , & Co. A MONOGRAPH OF THE CIRRIPEDIA. With numerous Illustrations. 2 vols. 8vo. ... Hardwicke . ON THE VARIOUS CONTRIVANCES BY WHICH BRITISH AND FOREIGN ORCHIDS ARE FERTILISED BY INSECTS; and on the Good Effects of Crossing . With numerous Woodcuts. ... Murray . ON THE MOVEMENTS and HABITS of CLIMBING PLANTS. With Woodcuts. ... Williams & Norgate . LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. INTRODUCTION ... Page 1 DOMESTIC DOGS AND CATS. ANCIENT VARIETIES OF THE DOG — RESEMBLANCE OF DOMESTIC DOGS IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES TO NATIVE CANINE SPECIES — ANIMALS NOT ACQUAINTED WITH MAN AT FIRST FEARLESS — DOGS RESEMBLING WOLVES AND JACKALS — HABIT OF BARKING ACQUIRED AND LOST — FERAL DOGS — TAN-COLOURED EYE-SPOTS — PERIOD OF GESTATION — OFFENSIVE ODOUR — FERTILITY OF THE RACES WHEN CROSSED — DIFFERENCES IN THE SEVERAL RACES IN PART DUE TO DESCENT FROM DISTINCT SPECIES — DIFFERENCES IN THE SKULL AND TEETH — DIFFERENCES IN THE BODY, IN CONSTITUTION — FEW IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES HAVE BEEN FIXED BY SELECTION — DIRECT ACTION OF CLIMATE — WATER-DOGS WITH PALMATED FEET — HISTORY OF THE CHANGES WHICH CERTAIN ENGLISH RACES OF THE DOG HAVE GRADUALLY UNDERGONE THROUGH SELECTION — EXTINCTION OF THE LESS IMPROVED SUB-BREEDS. CATS , CROSSED WITH SEVERAL SPECIES — DIFFERENT BREEDS FOUND ONLY IN SEPARATED COUNTRIES — DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE CONDITIONS OF LIFE — FERAL CATS…

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