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A Dictionary of Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words: Used at the Present Day in the Streets of London; the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge; the Houses of Parliament; the Dens of St. Giles; and the Palaces of St. James.

by John Camden Hotten

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Description

Published in 1859, this dictionary by John Camden Hotten aims to catalogue the slang, cant, and vulgar words in use across various social settings in Victorian London. It provides definitions and examples of language employed by street dwellers, criminals, university students, and members of high society, reflecting the diverse linguistic landscape of mid-19th-century Britain. The work documents criminal slang, back slang, and rhyming slang, emphasising the fleeting and fashionable nature of such vernacular. As a comprehensive reference, it captures the informal language that was often excluded from standard lexicons, serving as an important record of the period’s colloquial speech.

The book is regarded as a significant study of informal language, surpassing earlier works such as Francis Grose's dictionary from 1785. It offers detailed insights into the vocabulary used in London's streets, institutions, and elite circles during the Victorian era, illustrating the social and linguistic boundaries of the period.

From the opening pages

STOP,—if you have what they want, they will buy. They are pretty “ fly ” (knowing). GO IN THIS DIRECTION, it is better than the other road. Nothing that way. BONE (good). Safe for a “cold tatur,” if for nothing else. “ Cheese your patter ” (don’t talk much) here. COOPER’D (spoilt), by too many tramps calling there. GAMMY (unfavourable), likely to have you taken up. Mind the dog. FLUMMUXED (dangerous), sure of a month in “ quod ” (prison). RELIGIOUS , but tidy on the whole. See page 37. A DICTIONARY OF MODERN SLANG, CANT, AND VULGAR WORDS, USED AT THE PRESENT DAY IN THE STREETS OF LONDON; THE UNIVERSITIES OF OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE; THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT; THE DENS OF ST. GILES; AND THE PALACES OF ST. JAMES. PRECEDED BY A HISTORY OF CANT AND VULGAR LANGUAGE; WITH GLOSSARIES OF TWO SECRET LANGUAGES, SPOKEN BY THE WANDERING TRIBES OF LONDON, THE COSTERMONGERS, AND THE PATTERERS. By A LONDON ANTIQUARY. “Rabble-charming words, which carry so much wild-fire wrapt up in them.”— South. SECOND EDITION, REVISED, WITH TWO THOUSAND ADDITIONAL WORDS. LONDON: JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN, PICCADILLY. 1860. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND GREENING, GRAYSTOKE-PLACE, FETTER-LANE, E.C. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. The First Edition of this work had a rapid sale, and within a few weeks after it was published the entire issue passed from the publisher’s shelves into the hands of the public. A Second Edition, although urgently called for, was not immediately attempted. The First had been found incomplete and faulty in many respects, and the author determined to thoroughly revise and recast before again going to press. The present edition, therefore, will be found much more complete than the First; indeed, I may say that it has been entirely rewritten, and that, whereas the First contained but 3,000 words, this gives nearly 5,000, with a mass of fresh illustrations, and extended articles on the more important slang terms— HUMBUG , for instance. The notices of a Lingua Franca element in the language of London vagabonds is peculiar to this edition. My best thanks are due to several correspondents for valuable hints and suggestions as to the probable etymologies of various colloquial expressions. One literary journal of high repute recommended a division of cant from slang; but the annoyance of two indices in a small work appeared to me to more than counterbalance the benefit of a stricter…

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