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An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2

by John Locke

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Written in the late 17th century, this volume by John Locke presents a foundational text in empiricist philosophy. It addresses the nature of human understanding and knowledge, challenging the idea that humans are born with innate ideas. Locke argues that the mind starts as a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and that all knowledge derives from experience through sensation and reflection. The work examines the origins and types of ideas, the distinction between primary and secondary qualities of objects, and the processes by which individuals form concepts and beliefs. It also discusses personal identity and language, establishing key concepts that influence subsequent philosophical thought.

Published in 1689, this second edition includes Books 1 and 2 of the original work. It is recognised as a significant contribution to the development of empiricism and modern philosophy, shaping discussions about the human mind, knowledge acquisition, and the limits of innate ideas. The publication was produced in London and reflects the intellectual context of the late 17th century.

From the opening pages

Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire quod nescias, quam ista effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere! Cic. de Natur. Deor. l . 1. LONDON: Printed by Eliz. Holt, for Thomas Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, near St. Dunstan’s Church. MDCXC CONTENTS THE EPISTLE TO THE READER ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING. BOOK I NEITHER PRINCIPLES NOR IDEAS ARE INNATE CHAPTER II. NO INNATE SPECULATIVE PRINCIPLES. CHAPTER III. NO INNATE PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL. CHAPTER I. OF IDEAS IN GENERAL, AND THEIR ORIGINAL. CHAPTER V. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF DIVERS SENSES. CHAPTER VI. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF REFLECTION. CHAPTER VII. OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF BOTH SENSATION AND REFLECTION. CHAPTER VIII. SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING OUR SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSATION. CHAPTER XI. OF DISCERNING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF THE MIND. CHAPTER XIII. COMPLEX IDEAS OF SIMPLE MODES:—AND FIRST, OF THE SIMPLE MODES OF IDEA OF SPACE. CHAPTER XIV. IDEA OF DURATION AND ITS SIMPLE MODES. CHAPTER XV. IDEAS OF DURATION AND EXPANSION, CONSIDERED TOGETHER. CHAPTER XX. OF MODES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN. CHAPTER XXIII. OF OUR COMPLEX IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES. CHAPTER XXIV. OF COLLECTIVE IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES. CHAPTER XXVI. OF CAUSE AND EFFECT, AND OTHER RELATIONS. CHAPTER XXVII. OF IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY. CHAPTER XXIX. OF CLEAR AND OBSCURE, DISTINCT AND CONFUSED IDEAS. CHAPTER XXX. OF REAL AND FANTASTICAL IDEAS. CHAPTER XXXI. OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE IDEAS. CHAPTER XXXIII. OF THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THOMAS, EARL OF PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY, BARON HERBERT OF CARDIFF LORD ROSS, OF KENDAL, PAR, FITZHUGH, MARMION, ST. QUINTIN, AND SHURLAND; LORD PRESIDENT OF HIS MAJESTY’S MOST HONOURABLE PRIVY COUNCIL; AND LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTY OF WILTS, AND OF SOUTH WALES. MY LORD, This Treatise, which is grown up under your lordship’s eye, and has ventured into the world by your order, does now, by a natural kind of right, come to your lordship for that protection which you several years since promised it. It is not that I think any name, how great soever, set at the beginning of a book, will be able to cover the faults that are to be found in it. Things in print must stand and fall by their own worth, or the reader’s fancy. But there being nothing more to be desired for truth than a fair unprejudiced hearing, nobody is more likely to procure me…

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