China Revolutionized

The Honorable Yuan Shih Kai, confirmed as president of China by the National Assembly, January, 1913. A middle province type (Honan). He is wearing the uniform of the General-in-Chief of the northern army. A forceful progressive leader of the New China. CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED By JOHN STUART THOMSON AUTHOR OF The Chinese, Bud and Bamboo, Etc. ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS INDIANAPOLIS THE BOBBS-MERRILL COMPANY PUBLISHERS Copyright, April, 1913 The Bobbs-Merrill Company PRESS OF BRAUNWORTH & CO. BOOKBINDERS AND PRINTERS BROOKLYN, N. Y. DEDICATED TO MOTHER CONTENTS PAGE I The Genesis of the Republican Revolution 1 II Wit and Humor in China 114 III Industrial and Commercial China 137 IV Finance and Budget in China 161 V Business Methods of Foreigners in China 175 VI Railways in China 186 VII Shipping and Water Routes in China 196 VIII America in China 206 IX The Native Leaders 222 X China’s International Politics 229 XI Chinese Internal Politics 242 XII Some Public Works in Old China 250 XIII The Influence of Japan 259 XIV Pressure of Russia and France on China 281 XV Some Foreign Types in China, and Their Influence 288 XVI The Manchu 305 XVII China’s Army and Navy 317 XVIII Modern Education in China 334 XIX Literature and Language 351 XX Life of Foreigners in China 363 XXI Foreign Cities of China 375 XXII Native Cities of China 433 XXIII Religious and Missionary China 450 XXIV Legal Practise and Crime in China 472 XXV Chinese Daily Life 487 XXVI Climate, Disease and Hygiene 499 XXVII Chinese Womanhood 519 XXVIII Agriculture and Forestry in China 533 XXIX Chinese Architecture and Art 541 XXX Sociological China 555 XXXI Awakened Interest in America 567 Index 581 CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED I THE GENESIS OF THE REVOLUTION IN CHINA AND ITS HISTORY From October 10, 1911, to Yuan Shih Kai’s Acceptance of the Provisional Presidency A republic in place of the oldest monarchy! Preposterous. It would involve making a yellow man think as a white man, and that had never occurred, not even in the case of the prodigy, Japan. It would involve free intercourse with the whole wide world, and China had opposed such an innovation stubbornly for 400 years. It meant that the proudest and most self-contained nation should treat others as equals and interchange with them. It involved throwing 4,000 years of continuous history and agglomerated pride and precedent to the winds, and…