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De Profundis

by Oscar Wilde

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"De Profundis" is a personal letter written by Oscar Wilde during his imprisonment in Reading Gaol in early 1897. Addressed to Lord Alfred Douglas, the work reflects on their troubled relationship, Wilde’s own moral and spiritual reflections, and his feelings of regret and insight. The letter documents Wilde’s internal struggles, his critique of vanity, and his evolving sense of faith as he confronts his incarceration and the consequences of his social conduct. It also explores Wilde's identification with Christ and the role of suffering in artistic and spiritual development. Composed under strict supervision, the text remained unpublished during Wilde’s lifetime and was only made available posthumously, providing a candid view of his emotional and philosophical state during imprisonment.

The work is classified as a biographical and autobiographical text, providing insights into Wilde’s personal life, his moral reflections, and his spiritual transformation amidst the context of late 19th-century social attitudes and legal repercussions regarding sexuality. It is often studied for its literary and historical significance in understanding Wilde’s life and the Victorian era’s social mores.

From the opening pages

circumstance of which is regulated after an unchangeable pattern, so that we eat and drink and lie down and pray, or kneel at least for prayer, according to the inflexible laws of an iron formula: this immobile quality, that makes each dreadful day in the very minutest detail like its brother, seems to communicate itself to those external forces the very essence of whose existence is ceaseless change. Of seed-time or harvest, of the reapers bending over the corn, or the grape gatherers threading through the vines, of the grass in the orchard made white with broken blossoms or strewn with fallen fruit: of these we know nothing and can know nothing. For us there is only one season, the season of sorrow. The very sun and moon seem taken from us. Outside, the day may be blue and gold, but the light that creeps down through the thickly-muffled glass of the small iron-barred window beneath which one sits is grey and niggard. It is always twilight in one’s cell, as it is always twilight in one’s heart. And in the sphere of thought, no less than in the sphere of time, motion is no more. The thing that you personally have long ago forgotten, or can easily forget, is happening to me now, and will happen to me again to-morrow. Remember this, and you will be able to understand a little of why I am writing, and in this manner writing. . . . A week later, I am transferred here. Three more months go over and my mother dies. No one knew how deeply I loved and honoured her. Her death was terrible to me; but I, once a lord of language, have no words in which to express my anguish and my shame. She and my father had bequeathed me a name they had made noble and honoured, not merely in literature, art, archaeology, and science, but in the public history of my own country, in its evolution as a nation. I had disgraced that name eternally. I had made it a low by-word among low people. I had dragged it through the very mire. I had given it to brutes that they might make it brutal, and to fools that they might turn it into a synonym for folly. What I suffered then, and still suffer, is not for pen to write or paper to record.…

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