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Macbeth

by William Shakespeare

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This tragedy is composed as a five-act play in verse, authored by William Shakespeare and first performed in 1606. It depicts the psychological and political consequences following Macbeth, a Scottish general, who receives a prophecy from three witches predicting he will become king. Influenced by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan to claim the throne. The narrative examines themes of ambition, guilt, and moral corruption as Macbeth's rule is plagued by paranoia and increasing violence. The play explores how the pursuit of power leads to chaos and self-destruction, illustrating the destructive effects of unchecked ambition and moral weakness.

Set within medieval Scotland, the work reflects early 17th-century English theatrical practices and language. It is notable for its intense psychological insight, concise structure, and dramatic portrayal of character downfall. As a tragedy, it remains a key text in British literature, illustrating timeless human struggles with ambition and conscience. The work’s compact form and depth of characterisation contribute to its enduring significance.

From the opening pages

In addition to the notes below, and so you will *NOT* think all the spelling errors introduced by the printers of the time have been corrected, here are the first few lines of Hamlet, as they are presented herein: Barnardo. Who's there? Fran. Nay answer me: Stand & vnfold your selfe Bar. Long liue the King * * * * * As I understand it, the printers often ran out of certain words or letters they had often packed into a "cliche". . .this is the original meaning of the term cliche. . .and thus, being unwilling to unpack the cliches, and thus you will see some substitutions that look very odd. . .such as the exchanges of u for v, v for u, above. . .and you may wonder why they did it this way, presuming Shakespeare did not actually write the play in this manner. . . . The answer is that they MAY have packed "liue" into a cliche at a time when they were out of "v"'s. . .possibly having used "vv" in place of some "w"'s, etc. This was a common practice of the day, as print was still quite expensive, and they didn't want to spend more on a wider selection of characters than they had to. You will find a lot of these kinds of "errors" in this text, as I have mentioned in other times and places, many "scholars" have an extreme attachment to these errors, and many have accorded them a very high place in the "canon" of Shakespeare. My father read an assortment of these made available to him by Cambridge University in England for several months in a glass room constructed for the purpose. To the best of my knowledge he read ALL those available . . .in great detail. . .and determined from the various changes, that Shakespeare most likely did not write in nearly as many of a variety of errors we credit him for, even though he was in/famous for signing his name with several different spellings. So, please take this into account when reading the comments below made by our volunteer who prepared this file: you may see errors that are "not" errors. . . . So. . .with this caveat. . .we have NOT changed the canon errors, here is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Shakespeare's play. Michael S. Hart Project Gutenberg Executive Director…

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