The Danish History, Books I-IX

("Saxo the Learned") fl. Late 12th - Early 13th Century A.D. PREPARER'S NOTE: Originally written in Latin in the early years of the 13th Century A.D. by the Danish historian Saxo, of whom little is known except his name. The text of this edition is based on that published as "The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus", translated by Oliver Elton (Norroena Society, New York, 1905). This edition is in the PUBLIC DOMAIN in the United States. This electronic edition was edited, proofed, and prepared by Douglas B. Killings. The preparer would like to thank Mr. James W. Marchand and Mr. Jessie D. Hurlbut for their invaluable assistance in the production of this electronic text. Thank you. I am indebted to you both. Although Saxo wrote 16 books of his "Danish History", only the first nine were ever translated by Mr. Oliver Elton; it is these nine books that are here included. As far as the preparer knows, there is (unfortunately) no public domain English translation of Books X-XVI. Those interested in the latter books should search for the translation mentioned below. CONTENTS SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: INTRODUCTION. SAXO'S POSITION. LIFE OF SAXO. THE HISTORY. HISTORY OF THE WORK. THE MSS. SAXO AS A WRITER. FOLK LORE INDEX. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. CUSTOMARY LAW. STATUTE LAWS. WAR. SOCIAL LIFE AND MANNERS. SUPERNATURAL BEINGS. FUNERAL RITES AND MAN'S FUTURE STATE. MAGIC AND FOLK-SCIENCE. FOLK-TALES. SAXO'S MYTHOLOGY. THE DANISH HISTORY OF SAXO GRAMMATICUS. PREFACE. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: ORIGINAL TEXT— Olrik, J and Raeder (Ed.): "Saxo Grammaticus: Gesta Danorum" (Copenhagen, 1931). Dansk Nationallitteraert Arkiv: "Saxo Grammaticus: Gesta Danorum" (DNA, Copenhagen, 1996). Web-based Latin edition of Saxo, substantiallly based on the above edition; currently at the OTHER TRANSLATIONS— Fisher, Peter (Trans.) and Hilda Ellis Davidson (Ed.): "Saxo Grammaticus: History of the Danes" (Brewer, Cambridge, 1979). RECOMMENDED READING— Jones, Gwyn: "History of the Vikings" (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1968, 1973, 1984). Sturlson, Snorri: "The Heimskringla" (Translation: Samual Laing, London, 1844; released as Online Medieval and Classical Library E-text #15, 1996). Web version at the following URL: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/ INTRODUCTION. SAXO'S POSITION. Saxo Grammaticus, or "The Lettered", one of the notable historians of the Middle Ages, may fairly be called not only the earliest chronicler of Denmark, but her earliest writer. In the latter half of the twelfth century, when Iceland was in the flush of literary production, Denmark lingered behind. No literature in her vernacular, save a few…