Vegetable Teratology: An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants

This volume is issued to the Subscribers to the Ray Society for the Year 1868. LONDON: MDCCCLXIX. VEGETABLE TERATOLOGY, AN ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL DEVIATIONS FROM THE USUAL CONSTRUCTION OF PLANTS BY MAXWELL T. MASTERS, M.D., F.L.S. WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY E. M. WILLIAMS. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE RAY SOCIETY BY ROBERT HARDWICKE, 192. PICCADILLY. MDCCCLXIX. TO JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC. ETC. DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, This Volume IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION xxi DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY ARRANGEMENT 1 Cohesion 9 Cohesion between axes of same plant, 9 —Fasciation, 11 —Cohesion of foliar organs, 21 —Of margins of single organs, 21 —Tubular petals, 23 —Cohesion of several organs by their margins, 25 —Of the sepals, 27—Of the petals, 28 —Of the stamens, 29 —Of the pistils, 29 —Ascidia or pitchers, 30. Adhesion 32 Adhesion of foliar organs, 32 —Of leaves by their surfaces, 33 —Of foliar to axile organs, 34 —Of sepals to petals, 34 —Of stamens to petals, 34 —Of stamens to pistils, 35 —Miscellaneous adhesions, 35 —Of fruit to branch, 36 —Synanthy, 36 —Syncarpy, 45 —Synspermy, 50 —Between axes of different plants of same species, 50 —And of different species, 55 —Synophty. Fission 59 Fission of axile organs, 60 —Of foliar organs, 61 —Of petals, 66 —Of stamens, 68 —Of carpels, 68 . Dialysis 69 Dialysis of margins of individual parts, 70 —Of margins of parts of same whorl-calyx, 70 —Of corolla, 71 —Of stamens, 73 —Of carpels, 73 . Solution 76 Solution of calyx from ovary, 77 —Of stamens from petals, 82 . Displacement 84 Displacement of bulbs, 84 —Of inflorescence, 85 —Of leaves, 87 —Of parts of flowers, 91 —Of carpels, 96 —Of placentas and ovules, 96 . Prolification 100 Prolification of the inflorescence, 102 —Median foliar, 103 —Median floral, 105 —Lateral foliar, 106 —Lateral floral, 107 —Prolification of the flower, 115 —Median foliar, 116 —Median floral, 119 —Axillary prolification, 138 —Foliar, 141 —Floral, 142 —Complicated prolification, 151 —Of embryo, 155 . Heterotaxy 156 Formation of adventitious roots, 156 —Of shoots below the cotyledons, 161 —Adventitious leaves, 162 —On scapes, 163 —Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds, 164 —Viviparous plants, 168 —Formation of buds on leaves, 170 —In pith, 171 —On bulbs, 172 —Production of gemmæ in place of spores, 173 —Of flowers on leaves, 174 —Of flower-buds in place of leaf-buds, 176…