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Color Images from Mars Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity

by Bob Webster

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Language
EN
Format
EPUB
Size
57 MB

Description

The book presents a collection of colour-enhanced images of the Martian surface captured by NASA's Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. It explains the techniques used to compile these images from raw black-and-white photographs taken through different coloured filters. The author describes the processes involved in reconstructing accurate colour representations, highlighting the technical challenges faced in acquiring and processing data from the Martian environment. The images serve as visual evidence of the landscapes and geological features encountered by the rovers, providing insight into the surface conditions of Mars. The publication, created in the early 21st century, draws on NASA's publicly available data and offers an illustrated overview of the methods used to produce the colour photographs, illustrating the complexities of remote image processing in planetary exploration.

From the opening pages

Thanks to Bob Webster for making these images available. They are recombinations of images with different colored filters. All images are courtesy of NASA/JPL and in the public domain in the United States. Mars Attacks! I was browsing the NASA web site for photos from the Mars rovers, but most of them are black and white. Then I noticed they have the raw images posted that can be combined into color photos, so I combined a bunch of them into "living color." Here they are: Mars in Color, from “Opportunity” Opportunity Photos Mars in Color, from “Spirit” Spirit Photos The color is not perfect on these, but it should be in the neighborhood. There are a lot of variables. The cameras are calibrated differently from time to time, there are different bandwidths available in different images, and the sun is at different angles. In these photos, 3 to 6 images were taken, one after another, using different bandwidth filters. There may be 5 minutes pass from the first to the last image, so a shadow may move a little bit during that time. An interesting effect of this is an occasional rainbow strip on the edge of shadows. The image file names include information such as camera type, time taken, location, etc. Here is the full info: http://origin.mars5.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/edr_filename_key.html The image on this site have the filter and sometimes the Left or Right designator removed. If L or R is missing, then they were taken with the Left camera, which uses visible light filters. These images were taken with the panoramic camera, because it's the one that uses color filters. The filters used vary from image to image. The available filters are: Left Camera Right Camera 1 = EMPTY (clear) 1 = 436nm (37nm Short-pass) 2 = 753nm (20nm bandpass) 2 = 754nm (20nm bandpass) 3 = 673nm (16nm bandpass) 3 = 803nm (20nm bandpass) 4 = 601nm (17nm bandpass) 4 = 864nm (17nm bandpass) 5 = 535nm (20nm bandpass) 5 = 904nm (26nm bandpass) 6 = 482nm (25nm bandpass) 6 = 934nm (25nm bandpass) 7 = 432nm (32nm Short-pass) 7 = 1009nm (38nm Long-pass) 8 = 440nm (20) Solar ND 5.0 8 = 880nm (20) Solar ND 5.0 Some bandwidths of visible light are: red 650 orange 590 yellow 570 green 510 blue 475 indigo 445 violet 400 Everything gets kind of fuzzy from this point on. The visible light…

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